Auricularis Anterior

It is uncommon for the ear muscles to be absent; the most frequently absent, however, is the anterior. Auricularis may join the styloglossus muscle.

Syn.: m. epicranius auricularis anterior, epicranius temporalis, attrahens auriculare (Albin).

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References

Austoni,A. (1908) Muscoli auricolari estrinseci dell'uomo. Arch. Ital. Anat. Embriol. 7:193-243.

Bertelli, D. (1890) Le muscle auriculaire anterior. Arch. Ital. Biol. 13:354.

Reid, R.W. and S. Taylor. (1879) Anatomical variations. Reports. St. Thomas's Hospital 9:44.

Stopczyk, J. (1931) La morphologie du muscle auriculaire antérieur. L'Assoc. Anatomistes, Comptes Rendus 26:496-498.